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/Docs/How Alternatives Are Computed

How Alternatives Are Computed

The scoring formula and logic behind how we find and rank alternative products for every listing.

Standup StevoDocs managed by Standup Stevo

Overview

Every product on Liners has an alternatives section showing similar products you might want to consider. We compute these automatically using a scoring formula that looks at shared categories, tags, and other signals. I've got QA QuinnQA Quinn overseeing the quality of the results, and DD DaveDD Dave runs the actual computation.

How the Scoring Works

When we compute alternatives for a product, we look at every other published product and calculate a relevance score. The higher the score, the more relevant the alternative. Here's how we award points:

Tag Matching (by group)

Tags are grouped into types, and different groups carry different weights:

Tag GroupPoints per match
Product Features+3.
Technology+2.
All other groups+1.

If two products share tags in the "Product Features" group, that's a strong signal they do similar things — so we give it more points. Technology tags are also useful indicators of similarity.

Category Matching

Each shared category adds +2 points. Categories are broad groupings (like "Fintech" or "Crypto & Web3"), so a match here means the products operate in the same space.

Country Scoring

Country overlap is a binary signal — either the products operate in the same market or they don't:

ConditionPoints
Either product has no countries assigned0 (neutral).
Either product is Pan-African+3 (wildcard match).
Products share any specific country+3 (same market).
No country overlap at all-5 (different market).

Pan-African products are treated as operating in every country, so they always get the same-market bonus. Products with no countries assigned yet are treated neutrally — no bonus or penalty.

Penalties

  • B2B/B2C mismatch: -5 points. If one product is strictly B2B (business-to-business) and the other is strictly B2C (business-to-consumer), they're probably not great alternatives for each other, so we apply a heavy penalty. Products tagged as B2B2C or both B2B and B2C don't get penalized.
  • Different market: -5 points. If both products have countries assigned but share none, they're likely not competing in the same market.

Note: Verified status does not affect the alternatives score. Alternatives are based purely on product similarity — what the products do, where they operate, and who they serve.

Minimum Score Threshold

Any candidate with a score below 9 is dropped. This keeps our alternatives list genuinely relevant — no noise, no random matches.

Finding Candidates

Not every product on the platform is a candidate. To be considered as an alternative, a product must:

  1. Be published (not in draft).
  2. Share at least 1 category with the source product.

Categories are the first gate — products in completely different categories are never considered. This keeps the candidate pool focused. We then score all candidates, filter out anyone below the minimum score, and rank by score (highest first). If scores are tied, newer products appear first.

Country Scoping

Countries affect alternatives in two ways:

  1. Scoring: Products in the same market get a +3 bonus; products in completely different markets get a -5 penalty. Pan-African products always count as same-market.
  2. Display ordering: On the full alternatives page (e.g. /product-name/alternatives), we first look for alternatives in the same country. If there aren't enough, we expand the search to all countries. This way, local alternatives get priority but the list is never empty.

When Alternatives Are Computed

We compute alternatives at several points:

  • When a product is published — we automatically calculate alternatives.
  • When products are published in bulk — alternatives are computed for each one.
  • On request — there's an option to regenerate alternatives when needed.
  • Cascade recomputation — when a product's alternatives change, we also recompute alternatives for products that previously listed it as an alternative, and for products sharing the same categories or tags.

Pre-computed vs Real-time

We run two systems side by side:

  • Pre-computed: We store alternative relationships as records and use them for the "Related tools" section on product pages (shows top 3).
  • Real-time: Calculated on the fly for the full alternatives page. Returns up to 15 results with country scoping. Cached for performance.

Both systems use the exact same scoring formula.

Example

Say Paystack is a B2B payments platform tagged with "Payments" (Product Features), "API" (Product Features), and "B2B" (Business Model), in the "Fintech" category, operating in Nigeria, Ghana, and South Africa.

Flutterwave shares the "Fintech" category (+2), the "Payments" tag (+3), the "API" tag (+3), operates in the same countries (+3 same-market bonus), and is verified (+3). Total score: 14. Well above the threshold — Flutterwave appears as a top alternative.

A lending app in Egypt shares the "Fintech" category (+2) but has no shared countries (-5 different-market penalty) and no shared Product Features tags. Score: -3. Below the threshold — dropped. Even though they're both fintech, they serve different markets and do different things.

OverviewHow the Scoring WorksTag Matching (by group)Category MatchingCountry ScoringPenaltiesMinimum Score ThresholdFinding CandidatesCountry ScopingWhen Alternatives Are ComputedPre-computed vs Real-timeExample